Types of bone graft material

 

Autograft (Autogenous / Autologous)

• Source: Patient's own bone
• Pros:
  • Osteogenic
  • Contains growth factors
  • No risk of disease transmission
  • Contains living cells
• Cons:
  • Pain from bone harvesting site
  • Risk of infection
  • Complex surgery
  • Limited availability

 

Allograft

• Source: Other human bone
• Pros:
  • Osteoinductive
  • Osteoconductive
  • No second surgical site required
  • Supply not limited
• Cons:
  • Possible risk of disease transmission
  • Risk of rejection
  • Patient may be unable to donate blood/organs

 

Xenograft

• Source: Animal bone
• Pros:
  • Proven safe grafting material with volume stability
  • No second surgical site required
  • Supply not limited
• Cons:
  • Possible risk of disease transmission
  • Risk of rejection, failure of graft incorporating with the body
  • Longer healing time

 

Alloplast

• Source: Synthetic material
• Pros:
  • Osteoconductive
  • No risk of disease transmission
  • No second surgical site required
  • Supply not limited
• Cons:
  • Can resorb quickly
  • Osteoconductive only